Diagnostic information and procedures
Steering symptom diagnosis

SteeringDTC “c28” (p1655): secondary throttle
valve actuator (stva) malfunction
Detected condition and possible cause
Detected condition
Possible cause
The operation voltage does not reach the stva.
Ecm does not receive communication signal from the
stva. Stva can not operate properly or its motor locked
Stva malfunction.
...
Throttle valve synchronization
Check and adjust the throttle valve synchronization
among four cylinders.
Start the engine and run it in idling condition
for
warming up.
Stop the warmed-up engine.
Lift and support the fuel tank. Refer to “fuel
tank
removal and installation” in section 1g (page ...
Cooling circuit inspection
Do not open the radiator cap when the
engine is hot, as you may be injured by
escaping hot liquid or vapor.
When removing the radiator cap tester, put
a rag on the filler to prevent the engine
coolant from spraying out.
Inspect the cooling ...