Refer to “wire color symbols” in section 0a .
Component location
Starting system components location
Refer to “electrical components location” in section 0a .
DTC “c28” (p1655): secondary throttle
valve actuator (stva) malfunction
Detected condition and possible cause
Detected condition
Possible cause
The operation voltage does not reach the stva.
Ecm does not receive communication signal from the
stva. Stva can not operate properly or its motor locked
Stva malfunction.
...
Cooling fan inspection
Cooling fan operating temperature
standard
(on → off): approx. 100 ?‹C (212 ƒ‹f)
(off → on): approx. 105 ?‹C (221 ƒ‹f)
Inspect the cooling fan in the following procedures:
disconnect the cooling fan motor coupler (1).
Test the cooling fan motor for load ...
Balancer shaft journal bearing inspection
and selection
Refer to “engine bottom side disassembly” (page 1d-
49).
Refer to “engine bottom side assembly” .
Inspection
Inspect the bearing surfaces for any signs of fusion,
pitting, burn or flaws. If any, replace them with a
specified set of bearings.
Selection
Place the plastigauge axial ...